Additionally, there are nice explanations on BMW UK website:
“ High average speeds (motorway) reduce the range most significantly, while inner-city traffic leads to a higher range due to lower speed and higher recuperation shares (in contrast to vehicles with internal combustion engines). Furthermore, the range is reduced at low temperatures due to heating, and high temperatures with strong air conditioning. The vehicle load, for example the number of passengers carried as well as the amount of luggage,
as well as optional equipment fitted to a vehicle can also impact the range. The selection of larger alloy wheel and tyre sizes generally reduces the range (if the aerodynamic disadvantage is not compensated for by a more closed wheel design). The rolling resistance class of tyres is also relevant for the range: e.g. the use of a winter tyre reduces the range compared to a Label A summer tyre.”
“ In the model selection, the communicated range is based on the WLTP (Worldwide harmonized Light-Duty Test Procedure) cycle.
WLTP enables a calculation of the range under prescribed driving conditions. WLTP assumes a defensive driving style with a route mix of city streets, country roads and highways.
The range indicator enables you to estimate the range based on the effect of three variable factors (Driving style, ambient temperature and use of air conditioning). The actual range achieved will depend on a number of other variable factors as set out in the ‘In detail’ section above.
The outer circle represents the calculated range value based on linear distances (not the actual street map), while the inner circle shows the calculated value -30% to take the real-world routes into account.
All range figures shown assume the battery has been fully charged.”
Source:
https://www.bmw.co.uk/en/all-models/...range-charging